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  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property SelectQuery::$alterTags is deprecated in SelectQuery->addTag() (line 978 of /home/ligarman/public_html/lama.ligarmandiriconsulting.com/includes/database/select.inc).
  • Deprecated function: Creation of dynamic property DatabaseCondition::$stringVersion is deprecated in DatabaseCondition->compile() (line 1865 of /home/ligarman/public_html/lama.ligarmandiriconsulting.com/includes/database/query.inc).
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Panduan Pengelolaan Resiko Pasien Jatuh

Falls atau pasien jatuh merupakan insiden di RS yang sering terjadi dan dapat mengakibatkan cedera serius dan kematian. Pasien jatuh merupakan adverse event  kedua terbanyak dalam institusi perawatan kesehatan setelah kesalahan pengobatan/medication erors (AHRQ). Insiden pasien jatuh tidak hanya berdampak kepada fisik pasien tetapi juga dampak keuangan yang ditanggung pasien dan rumah sakit (RS). Permasalahan pasien jatuh telah menjadi perhatian penting bagi pemerintah dalam pelayanan pasien di RS melalui peraturan menteri kesehatan No.1691/MENKES/PER/VII/2011 tentang keselamatan pasien rumah sakit, bab 4 pasal 8 bahwa : setiap RS wajib mengupayakan pemenuhan sasaran keselamatan pasien. Enam sasaran keselamatan pasien dan salah satunya adalah pengurangan risiko pasien jatuh yang tertera dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1144/MENKES/PER/VIII/2010 .
Dalam rangka menurunkan risiko cedera akibat jatuh, maka petugas RS perlu melakukan asesmen dan asesmen/penilaian ulang terhadap kategori risiko pasien jatuh dan bekerja sama dalam memberikan intervesi pencegahan pasien jatuh, sesuai prosedur.

A.     Definisi
Jatuh adalah suatu peristiwa di mana seseorang mengalami jatuh dengan atau  tanpa disaksikan oleh orang lain, tidak disengaja/ tidak direncanakan, dengan arah jatuh ke lantai, dengan atau tanpamencederai dirinya. Penyebab jatuh dapat meliputi faktor fisiologis (pingsan) atau lingkungan (lantai yang licin).
Risiko jatuh adalah pasien yang berisiko untuk jatuh yang umumnya disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan dan faktor fisiologis yang dapat berakibat cidera.

Faktor risiko jatuh dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kategori:
a.      Intrinsik: berhubungan dengan kondisi pasien, termasuk kondisi psikologis
b.      Ekstrinsik: berhubungan dengan lingkungan

Selain itu, faktor risiko juga dapat dikelompokkan menjadi kategori dapat diperkirakan (anticipated) dan tidak dapat diperkirakan (unanticipated). Faktor tersebut adalah:

a.      Dapat diperkirakan :
Intrinsik (berhubungan dengan kondisi pasien):

  • Riwayat jatuh sebelumnya
  • Inkontinensia
  • Gangguan kognitif/psikologis
  • Gangguan keseimbangan/mobilitas
  • Usia > 65 tahun
  • Osteoporosis
  • Status kesehatan yang buruk
  • Gangguan moskuloskeletal

Ekstrinsik (berhubungan dengan lingkungan)

  • lantai basah/silau, ruang berantakan, pencahayaan kurang, kabel longgar/lepas.
  • Alas kaki tidak pas.
  • Dudukan toilet yang rendah.
  • Kursi atau tempat tidur beroda
  • Rawat inap
  • Tempat tidur pasien tidak ada pengaman
  • Tempat tidur ditinggalkan dalam posisi tinggi

b.      Tidak dapat diperkirakan
Intrinsik (berhubungan dengan kondisi pasien)

  • Kejang
  •  Aritmia jantung
  • Stroke atau serangan iskemik sementara (transient ischaemic attack-TIA).
  • Pingsan
  • Serangan jantung (drop attack).
  • Penyakit kronis

Ekstrinsik ( berhubungan dengan lingkungan )
Reaksi individu terhadap obat-obatan

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